Global distribution and patterns of the most common cancers

Abstract

Cancer, a complex group of diseases, impacts millions of people annually. It poses a significant global health challenge that requires a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach. To comprehend the complexities of cancer, one must delve into its various facets, from its molecular foundations to its diagnosis, treatment options, and the ongoing research and prevention efforts. This article, the first in a two-part series, provides an updated understanding of the distribution and patterns of the most prevalent cancers in Africa. Globally, lung, breast, and colorectal cancers are common and account for a third of the incidence and mortality burden of cancer. They rank within the top three incidences and the top five in mortality (first, fifth, and second, respectively). In one or more of the surveyed countries, 13 different cancers are the most diagnosed or cause of death. In several countries, the range of cancers, including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer, account for most diagnoses or fatalities.